Citations are provided throughout this resource to help provide context and data for the kinds of inequities that exist within the scholarly communication space. The citations for each particular area discussed can be found below. These citations are limited to references cited in the discussion section of each page. Resources cited in the “What Can You Do?” sections are not listed here.

Peer Review

• Bravo, G., Grimaldo, F., López-Iñesta, E., Mehmani, B, & Squazzoni, F. (2019). The effect of publishing peer review reports on referee behavior in five scholarly journals. Nature Communications, 10(322). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08250-2
• Budden, A. E., Tregenza, T., Aarssen, L. W., Koricheva, J., Leimu, R., & Lortie, C. J. (2008). Double-blind review favours increased representation of female authors. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.07.008 
• Helmer, M., Schottdorf, M., Neef, A., & Battaglia, D. (2017). Research: Gender bias in scholarly peer review. eLife. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21718 
• Le Goues, C., Brun, Y., Apel, S., Berger, E., Khurshid, S., & Smaragdakis, Y. (2018). Effectiveness of anonymization in double-blind review. Communications of the ACM, 61(6), 30–33. https://doi.org/10.1145/3208157 
• Liboiron, M., Zahara, A., & Schoot, I. (2018). Community peer review: A method to bring consent and self-determination into the sciences. Preprints https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201806.0104.v1
• Murray, D., Siler, K., Larivière, V., Chan, W. M., Collings, A. M., Raymond, J., & Sugimoto, C. R. (2019). Author-reviewer homophily in peer review. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/400515 
• PeerJ. (2018, May 23). Who’s afraid of open peer review? PeerJblog. https://peerj.com/blog/post/100580518238/whos-afraid-of-open-peer-review/
• Publons. (2018).Global state of peer review. https://clarivate.com/lp/global-state-of-peer-review-report/
• Roberts, SG & Verhoef, T. (2016). Double-blind reviewing at EvoLang11 reveals gender bias. Journal of Language Evolution,1(2), 163-167.  https://doi.org/10.1093/jole/lzw009 
• Ross-Hellauer, T. (2017). What is open peer review? A systematic review. F1000Research, 6(588). https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11369.2

Editorial Boards

• Hutchinson, D., Priya Das, Lall, M.D., Hill, J., & Khosa, F. (2021). Emergency Medicine journal editorial boards: Analysis of gender, h-index, publications, academic rank, and leadership roles. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, 22(2), 353–359. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2020.11.49122
• Palser, E.R., Lazerwitz, M., & Fotopoulou , A. (2022). Gender and geographical disparity in editorial boards of journals in psychology and neuroscience. Nature Neuroscience, 272–279. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01012-w
• Salazar, J.W., Claytor, J.D., Habib, A.R., Guduguntla, V., Redberg, R.F. (2021). Gender, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation of editors at leading medical and scientific journals: A cross-sectional survey. JAMA Internal Medicine. 181(9), 1248-1251. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.2363.
• Wu, K. J. (2020, November 2). Scientific journals commit to diversity but lack the data. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/science/diversity-science-journals.html

Authors

• Broderick, N. A., & Casadevall, A. (2019). Meta-Research: Gender inequalities among authors who contributed equally. eLife. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.36399
• Budden, A. E., Tregenza, T., Aarssen, L. W., Koricheva, J., Leimu, R., & Lortie, C. J. (2008). Double-blind review favours increased representation of female authors. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.07.008 
• Calaza, K. C, Erthal, F. C. S., Pereira, M. G., Macario, K. C. D., Daflon, V. T., David, I. P. A., Castro, H. C., Vargas, M. D., Martins, L. B., Stariolo, J. B., Volchan, E., & de Oliveira, L. (2021). Facing racism and sexism in science by fighting against social implicit bias: A Latina and Black woman’s perspective. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671481
• Dworkin, J. D., Linn, K. A., Teich, E. G., Zurn, P., Shinohara, R. T., and Bassett, D. S. (2020). The extent and drivers of gender imbalance in neuroscience reference lists. Nat. Neurosci. 23, 918–926. doi: 10.1038/s41593-020-0658-y
• Else, H., & Perkel, J. M. (2022). The giant plan to track diversity in research journals. Nature, 602, 566–570. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00426-7 
• Hart, K. L., & Perlis, R. H. (2021). Authorship inequality: a bibliometric study of the concentration of authorship among a diminishing number of individuals in high-impact medical journals, 2008–2019. BMJ Open , 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046002
• Langin, K. (2021, September 1). Are women researchers shortchanged on authorship? New study highlights gender disparities. Science Careers. https://www.science.org/content/article/are-women-researchers-shortchanged-authorship-new-study-highlights-gender-disparities 
• Malisch, J. L., Harris, B. N., Sherrer, S. M., Lewis, K. A., Shepherd, S. L., McCarthy, P. C., Spott, J. L., Karam, E. P., Ramalingam, L., Talley, A. E., Cañas-Carrell, J. E., Ardon-Dryer, K., Weiser, D. A., Bernal, X. E., & Deitloff, J. (2020). In the wake of COVID-19, academia needs new solutions to ensure gender equity. PNAS, 117(27), 15378–15381. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010636117
• Merriman, R., Galizia, I., Tanaka, S., Sheffel, A., Buse, K., & Hawkes, S. (2021). The gender and geography of publishing: a review of sex/gender reporting and author representation in leading general medical and global health journals. BMJ Global Health, 6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005672
• Politzer-Ahles, S., Girolamo, T., & Ghali, S. (2020). Preliminary evidence of linguistic bias in academic reviewing . Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2020.100895     
• Wellmon, C., & Piper, A. (2017, October 2). Publication, Power, and Patronage: On Inequality and Academic Publishing. Critical Inquiry. https://criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu/publication_power_and_patronage_on_inequality_and_academic_publishing

Scholarly Publishers

• Alperin, J.P. & Costas, R. World scaled by number of documents published with authors from each country. https://scholcommlab.ca/cartogram/ Accessed April 27, 2023.
• Bell, K. & Mills, D. (2020, October 12). What we know about the academic journal landscape reflects global inequalities. LSE Impact Blog. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2020/10/12/what-we-know-about-the-academic-journal-landscape-reflects-global-inequalities/ 
• Bolick, J., Emmett, A., Greenberg, M. L., Peterson, A. T. & Rosenblum, B. (2024) Planet of the APCs: A decade of progress and setbacks in open access. Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication 12(2). https://doi.org/10.31274/jlsc.18319
• C4DSC: Coalition for Diversity & Inclusion in Scholarly Communications. (2024). Workplace equity in scholarly communications: 2023 executive summary.  https://c4disc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/WE-Survey-Report_final_5-1-24_ACCESSIBLE.pdf  
• Europe PMC. Preprints in Europe PMC. (n.d.) https://europepmc.org/Preprints
• Gender Pay Gap Service. (n.d.) Search by employer name: publishing https://www.arl.org/category/our-priorities/diversity-equity-inclusion/ 
• Greco, A. N., Wharton, R. M., & Brand, A. (2016). Demographics of scholarly publishing and communication professionals. Learned Publishing, 29(2), 97–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1017 
• Noble, S. U. (2018) Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. NYU Press. 
• Page, B. (2020, April 7). Elsevier makes small reduction to gender pay gap. The Bookseller. https://www.thebookseller.com/news/elsevier-makes-small-reduction-high-gender-pay-gap-1199550 
• Reidsma, M. (2019) Masked by Trust: Bias in Library Discovery. Litwin Books & Library Juice Press. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/library_books/30
• Rouhi, S., Beard, R., & Brundy, C. (2022) Left in the cold: The failure of APC waiver programs to provide author equity. Science Editor, 45(1). https://doi.org/10.36591/SE-D-4501-5 
• Taylor, S., Spilka, S., Monahan, K., Mulhern, I., & Wachter, J. (2020). Evaluating equity in scholarly publishing. Learned Publishing, 33(4), 353–367. https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1301

Librarians

• Espinal, I., Sutherland, T., & Roh, C. (2018). A holistic approach for inclusive librarianship: Decentering whiteness in our profession. Library Trends, 67(1), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2018.0030 
• Espinosa de los Monteros, P., & Mandernach Longmeier, M. (2022). Developing globally inclusive practices for library instruction sessions. New Review of Academic Librarianship. https://doi.org/10.1080/13614533.2022.2095289 
• Ewen, L. (2022, June 1). Quitting time: The pandemic is exacerbating attrition among library workers. American Libraries Magazine, 2022 (June), 38–41. https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2022/06/01/quitting-time/ 
• Hudson-Ward, A. (2021, March 30). The missed moment to elevate open access as DEIA imperative. Choice. https://www.choice360.org/tie-post/the-missed-moment-to-elevate-open-access-as-deia-imperative/  
• Kung, J., Fraser, K., & Winn, D. (2020). Diversity initiatives to recruit and retain academic librarians: A systematic review. College & Research Libraries, 81(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.81.1.96
• Pho, A., Abumeeiz, S., Bisbee, K., Mody, N., Romero, R., Tranfield, W., & Worsham, D. (2022). You only get one shot: Critically exploring and reimagining the one-shot instruction model. C&RL: College and Research Libraries, 83(5), 726-738. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.83.5.726
• Ros, A. (2019, March 20). The bias hiding in your library. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/the-bias-hiding-in-your-library-111951
• Saunders, L, & Wong, M.A. (2020). Instruction in Libraries and Information Centers: An Introduction. Windsor and Downs Press. https://doi.org/10.21900/wd.12 
• White, H. (2018) Decolonizing the way libraries organize. IFLA Library. http://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/2221  

The Need for Demographic Data

• Else, H., & Perkel, J. M. (2022, February 28). The giant plan to track diversity in research journals. Nature, 602, 566–570. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00426-7 
• Gender Pay Gap Service. (n.d.) Search by employer name: publishing https://www.arl.org/category/our-priorities/diversity-equity-inclusion/ 
• McFarling, U. L. (2021, April 12). When a cardiologist flagged the lack of diversity at premier medical journals, the silence was telling. STAT. https://www.statnews.com/2021/04/12/lack-of-diversity-at-premier-medical-journals-jama-nejm/ 
• National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES). (2021, April 29). Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering. NSF 21-321. Alexandria, VA: National Science Foundation. https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf21321/report.
• Royal Society of Chemistry. (n.d.). Diversity data collection in scholarly publishing. Policy & Perspectives. https://www.rsc.org/new-perspectives/talent/diversity-data-collection-in-scholarly-publishing/
• Workplace Equity Project (2023) Workplace Equity in Scholarly Communications 2023. Retrieved February 13, 2025, from https://c4disc.pubpub.org/workplace-equity-survey  
• Wu, K. J. (2020, November 2). Scientific Journals Commit to Diversity but Lack the Data. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/science/diversity-science-journals.html?smid=url-share 

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Page updated: July 7, 2025